Diabetes is a chronic condition affecting millions. However, the burden of diabetes is not equally distributed among all communities. Certain groups, such as American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations, face varying risks and outcomes, highlighting the need for culturally tailored prevention and management strategies.
Why Diabetes Risk and Mortality Differ Across Ethnic Groups
Diabetes prevalence is highest among American Indian/Alaska Native adults, with 13.6% of this group diagnosed with the condition. They are followed by non-Hispanic Black adults (12.1%) and Hispanic adults (11.7%). Non-Hispanic Asian adults have a prevalence of 9.1%, which, while lower than the above groups, is still significantly higher than that of non-Hispanic White adults, who have a prevalence of 6.9%. These differences underscore the influence of genetic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors in diabetes risk.
Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “Diabetes Statistics.” Accessed at https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/diabetes-statistics.
Unique Considerations: BMI and Diabetes Risk Across Ethnicities
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a critical factor in assessing diabetes risk, but its standard application can be misleading across different ethnic groups:
• Asian Americans and Lower BMI Thresholds: Asian Americans tend to develop Type 2 diabetes at lower BMI levels than other groups. Due to differences in body composition, including a higher propensity for abdominal fat, the American Diabetes Association recommends that Asian Americans be screened for diabetes if their BMI is 23 or higher, compared to the standard threshold of 25. This adjustment recognizes that even at what might be considered a “normal” BMI, Asian individuals may be at increased risk for diabetes due to factors like visceral fat accumulation.
In recent years, the CDC and the National Institute of Health have recognized that Asian Americans may be at risk for or develop diabetes in ways that differ from other groups. This means that, while you might be able to eat what those around you seem to handle just fine, you might need to be more cautious about your weight, even if you appear healthy compared to your neighbors.
• BMI Standards in American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic Populations: The standard BMI thresholds (over 25 indicating overweight, over 30 indicating obesity) apply to most populations, including American Indian/Alaska Native, Black, and Hispanic groups. However, higher obesity rates within these communities contribute significantly to the increased prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is closely linked to insulin resistance, which is a key driver of Type 2 diabetes development. Public health initiatives in these communities often focus on weight management, increased physical activity, and improved access to healthy foods to reduce diabetes risk.
Targeted Prevention Strategies for High-Risk Communities
Reducing diabetes risk requires a combination of personalized lifestyle changes and community-wide support. Here are effective strategies, particularly important for those in high-risk ethnic groups:
• Balanced Diets That Reflect Cultural Preferences: Diets rich in vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and fiber can regulate blood sugar levels. Culturally tailored dietary advice can help individuals make healthier choices that align with traditional foods, reducing the consumption of processed and sugary items.
• Encouraging Physical Activity in Community Settings: Regular physical activity is essential, but incorporating culturally preferred forms of exercise, such as group dance or community sports, can increase engagement. For optimal results, aim for 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly.
• Targeted Weight Management Programs: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces diabetes risk substantially. Ethnically tailored programs, which take into account dietary customs and access to specific foods, can make weight management more achievable and sustainable.
• Routine Screenings for At-Risk Groups: Early screening can identify prediabetes, allowing for interventions that prevent progression. Community health centers and culturally appropriate health education initiatives play a critical role in ensuring these screenings are accessible.
Inclusive Approaches to Diabetes Management
For those already diagnosed with diabetes, effective management helps reduce complications and improves quality of life:
• Personalized Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regular monitoring allows individuals to make informed dietary and lifestyle adjustments. Easy-to-access community programs and clinics can support these efforts, especially in underserved areas.
• Adherence to Medication: Following prescribed medications and insulin therapy is essential. Supporting culturally competent healthcare professionals can improve adherence and build trust among patients.
• Nutrition Education with a Cultural Lens: Emphasizing low-glycemic foods that align with traditional diets helps manage blood sugar without drastically changing dietary habits. Foods like leafy greens, lean proteins, and whole grains stabilize blood sugar and prevent spikes.
• Community Engagement in Physical Activity: Staying active remains crucial for diabetes management. Community-based exercise programs that are culturally engaging can help individuals incorporate regular physical activity.
Moving Toward Comprehensive Diabetes Prevention and Management
The higher prevalence of diabetes in certain communities calls for culturally sensitive approaches. For World Diabetes Day, let’s prioritize community-focused, accessible healthcare resources that cater to the unique needs of high-risk populations. By combining targeted public health interventions, culturally aware care, and supportive policies, we can help reduce diabetes-related complications and improve health outcomes across diverse communities.
Let’s commit to a future where everyone has access to personalized, culturally relevant healthcare that supports a healthier life, regardless of background. Being informed can empower you to take proactive steps toward prevention and management. Northern Medical Center is here to help. Call 845 800 5118 or book online for consultation.
References
“Diabetes Statistics,” National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
“Diabetes and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
“Diabetes and Asian Americans,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health.
“Understanding Risk: Asian Americans and Diabetes,” Diatribe Foundation.